http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hartebeest.jpg
CULTURE
Major Industries. Industries include cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, and petroleum refining.
Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions. At the Eid al-Adha, the Feast of the Great Sacrifice, it is customary to kill a sheep, and to give part of the meat to people who cannot afford it themselves. The Eid al-Fitr, or Breaking of the Ramadan Fast, is another joyous occasion, and involves a large family meal. The birthday of the Prophet Muhammad is mostly a children's holiday, celebrated with special desserts: pink sugar dolls and sticky sweets made from nuts and sesame seeds.
Food in Daily Life. The day usually begins with a cup of tea. Breakfast is eaten in the mid- to late morning, generally consisting of beans, salad, liver, and bread. Millet is the staple food, and is prepared as porridge called asida or flat bread called kisra. Vegetables are prepared in stews or salads. Ful, a dish of broad beans cooked in oil, is common, as are cassavas and sweet potatoes. Nomads in the north rely on dairy products and meat from camels. In general, meat is expensive and not often consumed. Sheep are killed for feasts or to honor a special guest. The intestines, lungs, and liver of the animal are prepared with chili pepper in a special dish called marara. Cooking is done in the courtyards outside the house on a tin grill called a kanoon, which uses charcoal as fuel. Tea and coffee are both popular drinks. Coffee beans are fried, and then ground with cloves and spices. The liquid is strained through a grass sieve and served in tiny cups.
Ethnic Relations. More than one hundred of Sudan's tribes coexist peacefully. However, relations between the north and the south have a history of animosity that dates to independence. The north is largely Arab, and the south has resented their movement to "Arabize" the country, replacing indigenous languages and culture with Arabic. This conflict has led to bloodshed and an ongoing civil war.
Linguistic Affiliation. There are more than one hundred different indigenous languages spoken in Sudan, including Nubian, Ta Bedawie, and dialects of Nilotic and Nilo-Hamitic languages. Arabic is the official language, spoken by more than half of the population. English is being phased out as a foreign language taught in the schools, although it is still spoken by some people.
http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Sudan.html
Once a collection of small, independent kingdoms, Northern Sudan was taken by Egypt in 1821 and Southern Sudan by the British in 1877. (The British invaded Egypt in 1882.) In 1883 a revolt was started by the Muslim leader Muhammad Ahmed, the Mahdi. Conflict continued for fifteen years until the Mahdists were defeated in 1898. An Anglo-Egyptian condominium was created. Since independence from British/Egyptian rule in 1956 the country has experienced little relief from civil war between the Arab, Islamic north and African south.
http://africanhistory.about.com/b/2008/01/01/1-january-1956-sudan-gains-independence-from-britishegyptian-rule.htm
Climate
Climate in the north of Sudan is around 90 F in the winter to 108 F in the summer. The hottest months are in May and June. That would be a good time to go swimming. In the central and southern regions of Sudan the temperature is around 80 F. The rainfall in the North is 47 inches in the south and 4 inches in the north. Sandstorms are often in the South and floods are often in the North.
SUDAN
Animals in Sudan
Hartebeest - The hartebeest is a grassland antelope found in West Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa. It is one of the three species classified in the genus Alcelaphus. Hartebeest stand almost 5 ft at the shoulder and weigh anywhere from 265–440 lb. Male hartebeest are a dark brown color while females are yellow brown. Both genders have horns which can reach lengths up to 27 in. Hartebeest live in grassland and open forest where they eat grass. They are diurnal and spend the morning and late afternoon eating. Herds contain five to twenty individuals but can occasionally contain up to 350.
Galago senegalensis (bush babies) - Bush babies are small, woolly, long-tailed primates with movable, oversized naked ears. Different species of bush babies are sometimes impossible to tell apart even if compared side by side. In addition, even within individual species and populations, there is often large variation in coloration and body size. As a result, it is often difficult to describe the fur color of species individually. The fur of the bush babies varies over the parts of the body as well as between species. Fur colors can range anywhere on a variety between black, brown, and grey to white, ranging from brown to yellowish, with greenish, reddish, and orangeish tints and combinations of those colors in various schemes. The ears can move freely of one another and are, in proportion to body size, the largest among the primates. Bush babies have a toilet-claw and have a wet nose.
GEOGRAPHY
NIle River- The Nile River runs from south to north in central Sudan. The Nile River is the longest river in the world, located in northeastern Africa. From its main source, Lake Victoria, in east central Africa, the Nile flows north through Uganda, Sudan, and Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea, a distance of 5584 km . From its furthest headstream in Burundi, the river is 6,695 km long. The river basin covers an area of more than 3,349,000 sq km.
Lake No- Lake No is a lake in Sudan. It is located just north of the vast swamp of the Sudd. Lake No is located approximately 1,156 km downstream of Uganda's Lake Albert, the major lake on the White Nile preceding Lake No. The lake is considered the center of the Nuer peoples.
Lake Nasser- Lake Nasser is a vast lake in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. Lake Nasser is 83% Egyptian territory (the larger part). The Sudanese prefer to call their small body of water Lake Nubia. An area of Sudan was largely flooded by Lake Nasser/ Lake Nubia. The result was creating the Aswan High Dam across the Nile River. The lake is names after President Gamal Abdel Nasser, who initiated the construction of the High Dam project.
Marrah Mountains- located in West Dafur. The Marrah Mountains is a range of volcanic peaks created by a mountain range that rises up to 3,000 meters. It is located in the middle of the Darfur region of Sudan. The highest point is Deriba Crater. The upper reaches of the mountain range is a small area of temperate climate with high rainfall and permanent springs of water.
Sudan has some islands. They are called Aba Island and Badien Island. Aba Island is an island on the White Nile to the south of Sudan. Badien Island is one of the biggest islands in the Nile and the second biggest island in Sudan.
Sudan also has some lakes. One is called Lake No. Lake No is a lake in Sudan. It is located just north of the vast swamp of the Sudd.
(The White Nile)
Sudan has some Mountains. Jebel Barkal, Jebel Dair, Gebel Elba, Jebel Uweinat, Kinyeti, Marrah Mountains, and the Nuba Mountains. Jebel Barkal is a small mountain located some 400 km north of Khartoum. Jebel Dair is a mountain in central Sudan. Gebel Elba is near the red sea and has moist tops. Jebel Uweinat is a mountain range in the area of the Egyption- Lybian-Sudanese border. Kinyeti is the highest mountain in Sudan. It is located in the south near the Ugandan border. The Marrah Mountains is a range of volcanic peaks created by a massif (a block of the earth's crust bounded by faults and shifted to form peaks of a mountain range) that rises up to 3,000 m. It is located in the center of the Dafur.
FACTS
CAPITAL- KHATROUM
ETHNIC GROUPS- BLACK, ARAB, BEJA
RELIGION- MUSLIM, TRADITIONAL BELIEFS, CHRISTIAN
GOVERNMENT-AUTHORITARIAN REGIME
CURRENCY- SUDANESE POUND/DINAR
LANGUAGE- ARABIC,
REGION- EAST
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galago_senegalensis.jpg
Sudan is located in East Africa.
The flag of Sudan is this.
http://www.senojflags.com/images/national-flags/Sudan-Flag.gif
Sudan's National Anthem.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1mIdslC8Qo
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